Slice tests trong Spring Boot: @WebMvcTest và @DataJpaTest dùng khi nào?

Slice test chỉ load một phần ApplicationContext — nhanh hơn @SpringBootTest, isolate layer cần test.

@WebMvcTest — controller layer:

java

@WebMvcTest(UserController.class)
class UserControllerTest {
  @Autowired MockMvc mvc;
  @MockBean UserService service;

  @Test void getUser() throws Exception {
    when(service.find(1L)).thenReturn(new User(1L, "Alice"));
    mvc.perform(get("/api/users/1")).andExpect(status().isOk())
       .andExpect(jsonPath("$.name").value("Alice"));
  }
}

@DataJpaTest — repository layer:

java

@DataJpaTest
class UserRepositoryTest {
  @Autowired UserRepository repo;

  @Test void findByEmail() {
    repo.save(new User("alice@ex.com"));
    assertThat(repo.findByEmail("alice@ex.com")).isPresent();
  }
}

Slice khác: @JsonTest, @WebFluxTest, @RestClientTest, @DataMongoTest. Chọn: controller → @WebMvcTest; query → @DataJpaTest (+ Testcontainers); full flow → @SpringBootTest.

(Boot 3.4+: @MockBean → @MockitoBean.)

Xem toàn bộ Spring & Spring Boot cùng filter theo level & chủ đề con.

Mở danh sách Spring & Spring Boot

Slice test chỉ load một phần ApplicationContext — nhanh hơn @SpringBootTest, isolate layer cần test.

@WebMvcTest — controller layer:

java

@WebMvcTest(UserController.class)
class UserControllerTest {
  @Autowired MockMvc mvc;
  @MockBean UserService service;

  @Test void getUser() throws Exception {
    when(service.find(1L)).thenReturn(new User(1L, "Alice"));
    mvc.perform(get("/api/users/1")).andExpect(status().isOk())
       .andExpect(jsonPath("$.name").value("Alice"));
  }
}

@DataJpaTest — repository layer:

java

@DataJpaTest
class UserRepositoryTest {
  @Autowired UserRepository repo;

  @Test void findByEmail() {
    repo.save(new User("alice@ex.com"));
    assertThat(repo.findByEmail("alice@ex.com")).isPresent();
  }
}

(Boot 3.4+: @MockBean → @MockitoBean.)