4 nguyên lý OOP trong Python?

1. Encapsulation — đóng gói data + methods, dùng _ (protected) và __ (name mangling)
2. Inheritance — class Child(Parent), hỗ trợ multiple inheritance, dùng super()
3. Polymorphism — cùng method tên, hành vi khác nhau tùy class; duck typing
4. Abstraction — ẩn implementation qua ABC + @abstractmethod

Lưu ý: Python không có private thật sự — __attr chỉ là name mangling, vẫn access được qua _ClassName__attr.

1. Encapsulation — bundle data + methods, use _ (protected) and __ (name mangling)
2. Inheritance — class Child(Parent), multiple inheritance supported
3. Polymorphism — same method name, different behavior per class; duck typing
4. Abstraction — hide implementation via ABC + @abstractmethod

Pitfall: Python has no true private — __attr is name mangling, still accessible via _ClassName__attr.