AWS & CloudAWS Well-Architected Framework là tập hợp best practices để thiết kế và vận hành cloud workload, gồm 6 pillars.
(1) Operational Excellence — khả năng vận hành và monitor hệ thống để deliver business value; practices: IaC cho mọi thứ, frequent small reversible changes, refine ops procedures frequently, anticipate failure, learn from all events.
(2) Security — bảo vệ data, systems và assets; practices: implement strong identity foundation (least privilege, MFA), enable traceability (CloudTrail, CloudWatch Logs), apply security at all layers, encrypt data in transit và at rest, prepare for security events.
(3) Reliability — khả năng recover từ failure và scale theo demand; practices: test recovery procedures, scale horizontally, stop guessing capacity (auto-scale), manage change in automation, auto-recover from failure.
(4) Performance Efficiency — dùng resources hiệu quả và maintain hiệu năng khi demand thay đổi; practices: democratize advanced technologies (dùng managed services), go global in minutes, use serverless architectures, experiment more often.
(5) Cost Optimization — tránh chi phí không cần thiết; practices: implement cloud financial management, adopt consumption model (pay-per-use), measure overall efficiency, stop spending money on undifferentiated heavy lifting, analyze and attribute expenditure.
(6) Sustainability — minimize environmental impact; practices: understand impact, establish sustainability goals, maximize utilization, use managed services, reduce downstream impact.
AWS cung cấp Well-Architected Tool (free) để review workload theo framework.