RailsFactory Bot (trước là FactoryGirl) là gem tạo test data linh hoạt — thay thế fixtures (file YAML static) bằng Ruby code.
ruby
# spec/factories/users.rb
FactoryBot.define do
factory :user do
name { "John" }
email { Faker::Internet.email }
role { :member }
trait :admin do
role { :admin }
end
end
end
# Trong test:
user = create(:user) # tạo + lưu DB
admin = create(:user, :admin) # dùng trait
guest_user = build(:user) # không lưu DBFixture load toàn bộ vào DB trước khi test — nhanh nhưng cứng, khó hiểu quan hệ. Factory Bot tạo khi cần — linh hoạt hơn, dễ đọc hơn, cho phép override attributes.
Factory Bot (formerly FactoryGirl) is a gem for creating flexible test data — replacing fixtures (static YAML files) with Ruby code.
ruby
# spec/factories/users.rb
FactoryBot.define do
factory :user do
name { "John" }
email { Faker::Internet.email }
role { :member }
trait :admin do
role { :admin }
end
end
end
# In a test:
user = create(:user) # creates and persists to DB
admin = create(:user, :admin) # uses trait
guest_user = build(:user) # does not persistFixtures load everything into the DB before tests run — fast but rigid and hard to understand relationships. Factory Bot creates records on demand — more flexible, more readable, supports attribute overrides.